In 2023, importers of products subject to US tariffs paid $80 billion to the US Treasury.
Tariffs are paid by importers at the time of customs clearance at the port and are reflected in higher costs and lower margins in the marketing chain.
Tariffs are not paid by countries subject to US tariffs.
The effects of tariffs on US consumers are determined by how importers allocate their higher costs to others in the marketing chain.
The general view is that final consumers do pay higher product prices although there are many factors that may influence the ultimate effects of tariffs on consumer prices and the US economy.